Gas Laws

Comprises a capillary tube and thermometer, mounted on a board with a scale behind the capillary tube. The apparatus comes complete with oil in the capillary tube, so no difficult filling with sulfuric acid is required. The relationship between temperature and volume can be observed easily, and an estimate for absolute zero can be obtained through extrapolation of experimental data. Also availabler as class set of 10 in a Gratnells case.

Comprises a capillary tube and thermometer, mounted on a board with a scale behind the capillary tube. The apparatus comes complete with oil in the capillary tube, so no difficult filling with sulfuric acid is required. The relationship between temperature and volume can be observed easily, and an estimate for absolute zero can be obtained through extrapolation of experimental data. Also availabler individually.

The apparatus comprises reservoir with bourdon gauge, connected to vertical glass tube. The reservoir has a needle valve to control pressure, and a high-quality tyre-type valve for attaching the supplied pump. Air does not escape when the pressure is increased, until the needle valve is opened. The pressure is displayed on a bourdon gauge, which has a transparent back, allowing students to see the internal workings. Pressures of up to 3.5x atmospheric pressure can be measured, which provides a good range of measurements. The tube is of strong construction, and is further protected by a plastic safety screen. It has graduations so that the length of the air column can be measured, and is of uniform cross-section, so the volume of air is proportional to the length of the air column. Unlike traditional Boyle's Law apparatus, this unit has no rustable materials, so water can be used instead of oil, which offers superior results, as well as reduced hazard and mess. The water is pumped into the tube, and the pressure and volume of air is measured at regular intervals. The inverse relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature is easily observed.

This 80 mm diameter hollow metal sphere is connected to manometer (Bourdon) gauge, for demonstrating changes of pressure in closed volume of air when either heated or cooled. Immersing the ball in heated water bath or ice bath allows the relationship between pressure and temperature of the enclosed air to be investigated. The metal sphere is more robust than glass versions and responds to temperature changes little faster.

This simple low-cost apparatus provides means of demonstrating Boyle's law. It is not 100% accurate but it is adequate for demonstrations giving students literally 'feel' for increase in pressure against volume.

A 1 litre capacity round can with screw cap.

To show that the level of liquid in connected vessels is constant irrespective of the vessel size or shape. Consists of four different glass vessels connected by common base tube and mounted on base. Dimensions (L x W xH): 230 x 100 x 160mm.

Hollow metal cylinder with overflow spout. Dimensions (L x Dia.): 100 x 50mm.

For demonstrating how pressure increases with depth. Consisting of a metal cylinder with three identical sized outlets at different levels down one side. Dimensions (H x Dia): 400 x 70mm.